Former Bricklayer Creates Stuning Works of Art From Stone

The Guggenheim Bilbao, 1997
Photograph: Courtesy CC/Flickr/Fmpgoh

The most famous architects you demand to know

These famous architects take created buildings that are works of art

Hither in NYC, nosotros're surrounded by astonishing compages. From the Empire State Building and Chrysler Building to 1 World Trade Heart, beautiful churches and dozens of stunning part and condo towers. These amazing NYC buildings make up our iconic skyline and remind us that architecture is both functional and a class of art. The most famous architects in the earth know how to render steel, stone and glass to create buildings that transform and define cities and spaces.

These famous architects bridge centuries and have fabricated their mark across the earth. From the minimalist approach of Mies Van der Rohe to the ornate creations of Antoni Gaudí to the shiny, undulating shapes of Frank Gehry, their styles are unmistakable. Architecture can define an era, reflecting the styles of the times.

Whether you similar their styles or not, these are the most famous architects out at that place. Explore these giants of the field with our guide, and be certain to visit some of these iconic architectural gems in person if yous have the chance. As amazing as these buildings appear in photos, there'southward cipher like seeing the works of famous architects up close. Equally for New Yorkers — always await up and appreciate the architectural wonders in your own backyard.

RECOMMENDED: Full guide to the all-time New York attractions

Most famous architects of all time

Antoni Gaudí

1. Antoni Gaudí

Gaudí spent his entire career in Barcelona, where he built all of his projects, the about famous of which is the 1883 cathedral known every bit La Sagrada Familia, still under construction today. His fashion was an ornate mix of Baroque, Gothic, Moorish and Victorian elements that ofttimes featured ornamental tile-work, and drew upon forms establish in nature—an influence that can he seen in the tree-like columns belongings up the vast interior of his church building, likewise as the undulating facade of another of his famous creations, the apartment cake known as the Casa Milla (inspired by the multi-peaked mountain merely exterior of Barcelona chosen Montserrat). Gaudí's piece of work would proceed to have a tremendous touch on subsequent generations of modernists.

Frank Lloyd Wright

Photograph: Courtesy CC/Flickr/clearlyambiguous

ii. Frank Lloyd Wright

A Wisconsin native, Wright revolutionize 20th-century architect, and his midwestern upbringing played a crucial office in shaping his sensibility. Inspired by the low-lying building that dotted the American plains, Wright created the Prairie House fashion every bit a reaction the prevailing Victorian aesthetic, which emphasized night decor, and busy embellishments both inside and out. In its stead, Wright employed clean geometries with an emphasis on horizontal planes. His most famous building, Falling Water (a residence in Bear Run, PA, designed for Pittsburg department shop magnate, Edgar Kaufmann in 1935) features stacked rectangular balconies that seem to float over the natural waterfall incorporated into the house. Later in his career, Wright would encompass curvilinear elements, a shift that found its near celebrated expression in the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.

3. Mies Van der Rohe

Famously property to the proposition that "less is more," German architect Mies Van der Rohe stripped architecture to elemental geometric forms, pointing the mode to Minimalism. He banished all traces of ornamentation, using the innate qualities of materials such as steel and plate glass to ascertain the look of his buildings. This approach came out of another credo—form equals function—espoused at the Dessau Bauhaus, for which he served every bit the concluding managing director before the Nazis closed it down. His designs emphasized rationalism and efficiency as the route to beauty, an approached exemplified past The Barcelona Pavilion, built to house Deutschland's exhibit for the 1929 International Exposition in Barcelona. In information technology, y'all tin can see that while Mies (the name by which he's best known) abjured decorative details, he wasn't adverse opulence, as the liberal apply of marble, blood-red onyx and travertine in the structure attests. The resulting masterpiece is only matched, mayhap, past Mies's Seagram's tower in New York.

4. Philip Johnson

Johnson' office as the founding managing director of MoMA's Section of Architect had an enormous affect on the field, making him a gatekeeper who helped to shape architectural trends from 1935 onward. His was also a designer in his own right, though it's fair to say that he was more of a refiner of other people'due south ideas than he was an innovator. Still, his work achieved iconic condition in a number of cases, virtually notably in the residence he congenital for himself in 1949. The house is a distillation of Mies Van der Rohe'south approach, and in fact, Johnson himself noted that it was "more Mies than Mies." A transparent box ready among exquisitely landscaped grounds, The Drinking glass House dissolves the boundaries between inside and out, public and private. It'southward expansive use of plate glass undoubtedly inspired much of the architect for today'due south high-ascent luxury developments. Johnson similarly rode the postmodern wave with his "Chippendale" building for AT&T (at present privately owned), so called for its broken-pediment crown resembling the top of a classic 18th-century loftier-boy.

Eero Saarinen

5. Eero Saarinen

During the postwar era, the Bauhaus's straight-line philosophy evolved into the International Style, the go-to aesthetic for new business headquarters and regime office buildings around the world. In essence, the modernist platonic of simplicity became a form of corporate conformity, and it is against this backdrop that Eero Saarinen's mid-century designs served equally a welcome corrective. In contrast to the standardized box adopted by the International Manner, Saarinen employed swooping curves that gave his architecture a sense of soaring transcendence—most especially in his 1962 JFK terminal for the now-defunct TWA airlines. Information technology'south dupe-wing roof and ecstatic interior are withal thrilling, just it'southward sense of architecture taking flight is a Saarinen trademark, axiomatic in other projects such as his 1947 pattern for St. Louis's magisterial Gateway Curvation.

Richard Rogers

Photograph: Courtesy CC/Flickr/Fmpgoh

half-dozen. Richard Rogers

When the Pompidou Center start opened in 1977, information technology was consider the epitome of a trend at the time known variously as High Tech and Structural Expressionism. British architect Richard Rogers was a leading proponent of the style. This building, designed as Paris'southward central institution for Modern and gimmicky art, suggests a structure turning inside out, with its heating and plumbing systems worn as the facade—which too features a glass-enclosed outdoor escalator climbing the top of the building. Rogers took a similar approach for some other of his iconic buildings, the headquarters for Lloyd's of London.

Frank Gehry

Photograph: Courtesy CC/Flickr/Fmpgoh

7. Frank Gehry

This West Coast architect is undoubtedly the most famous in the earth right now, thanks to his 1997 blueprint for the Guggenheim Museum co-operative in Bilbao, Spain. Though Gehry was already well-established in his field as the auteur billowing forms that seem to defy gravity and the logic of conventional construction methods, The Guggenheim Bilbao remains the finest example of a fashion he'due south practical to innumerable commissions, similar Disney Hall in Los Angeles and MIT's Stata Middle in Cambridge MA. Clad in titanium, The Guggenheim Bilbao suggests a large transport tied up along the Nervión River. The building is also credited with reviving the fortunes of its host city, the largest in the Basque Land.

Norman Foster

viii. Norman Foster

A fan of Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Le Corbusier, British architect Norman Foster worked early in career every bit an associate of Buckminster Fuller, the noted visionary and inventor of the geodesic dome. The latter'south tessellated pattern of triangular forms must take fabricated an impression on the young Foster since his most famous buildings characteristic similar surface treatments for their facades. Exhibit A: thirty St Mary Axe in London, aka The Gerkin, a commercial skyscraper in London'southward financial commune that opened in 2004. Its pickle-like form tapering to a point has become an international icon, as synonymous with London as the Eiffel belfry is with Paris.

Renzo Piano

nine. Renzo Pianoforte

Unlike other architects on this list, Italian architect Renzo Piano isn't recognized for having a singular style. Instead, his edifice have been eclectic, ranging from the Neo-Brutalism of his design for the Whitney Museum's home in the Meatpacking District, to the elegant, light-filled Menil Collection in Houston Texas, which resembles an overgrown version of a mid-century business firm by Due west Declension modernist, Richard Neutra. Withal, his projects ofttimes share a sure industrial or technological expect (he cut his teeth, assisting Richard Rogers in the pattern of the Pompidou Centre). The Shard in London is his largest building to appointment, a sharply tapering 95-storey skyscraper made of glass and steel that has get his most recognized creation.

Santiago Calatrava

ten. Santiago Calatrava

The work of this Castilian architect has been described equally Neofuturist, although sci-fi baroque might exist closer to describing it. His buildings often resemble the ribcages of extinct robotic dinosaurs, if such things existed. His projects definitely attracted worldwide attention—and garnered a reputation for massive price overruns. Withal there's no denying that Calatrava is ane of the most distinctive architects working today, as his all-time known cosmos—the Transit Hub for the Globe Trade Center—attests. Finally open later years of delays and exploding expenditures, the Transit Hub is a vision in white, its interior dominated by a glass occulus allowing daylight to filter into its main hall. As it happens, Calatrava has another building on the WTC, a Greek Orthodox chapel that replaces ane destroyed during the 9-11 attacks. It, too, is clad in white while its class is based on famed Hagia Sofia in Istanbul.

Zaha Hadid

Photograph: Tim Fisher Photography

eleven. Zaha Hadid

I of the few women to have risen to the level of starchitect—and the get-go ever to win architecture'due south version of the Oscar, the Pritzker Prize—Zaha Hadid was known for futuristic designs that employed curving, swooping lines more suitable for UFOs than buildings. Born into a wealthy Iraqi family unit in Bagdad and educated in the U.M. (where the Queen would after make her a Dame, the feminine class of address for knighthood) Hadid threw out the dominion-volume, eschewing the linear geometry usually employed by architects for an Expressionistic mode that often appeared to allude to the female person form—though not intentionally, according the Hadid herself: When her design for a stadium in Qatar was compared to a vagina, she dismissed the annotate as "embarrassing" and "ridiculous." Though she built extensively around the world, she has only on completed project—a luxury condo in Chelsea—in New York City.

Oscar Niemeyer

Photograph: Courtesy Wikipedia Artistic Commons

12. Oscar Niemeyer

The Brazilian builder Oscar Niemeyer was one of the primal figures in the development of midcentury modernist design. Anticipating the work of Frank Gehry and Zaha Hadid, Niemeyer employed bold curvilinear forms at a time when the boxy International Mode reigned and Mies Van der Rohe'south proposition that "less is more" was the mantra of the architectural field. Niemeyer was part of the design team behind the U.N. Edifice in New York City, but his near famous and aggressive project was undoubtedly the civic buildings for Brasília, the planned city that has served as Brazil's capital since 1960.

Rem Koolhas

Photograph: Courtesy Wikipedia Creative Commons

13. Rem Koolhas

Born in Rotterdam in 1945, Rem Koolhas is one of the well-nigh influential architects of his generation, not only equally a edifice designer but also equally an architectural theorist. He first came to prominence with the publication in 1978 of his book Delirious New York, an encomium to the city and it's key role in shaping the 20th-century, both economically and culturally. As for buildings, he is best known for the massive Cardinal Cathay Television Headquarters in Beijing, China, a 44-story möbius-strip of a construction that appears to loop in on itself (the locals refer to information technology as "big boxer shorts").

Jeanne Gang

Photo: Shutterstock

14. Jeanne Gang

In a discipline dominated by men, Jean Gang stand out as one of the few female architects who has received major commissions. Among them are the two tallest buildings in the world designed by a woman: The Acqua, an 82-story residential skyscraper in downtown Chicago, and the 93-story Vista Tower, also in Chicago. Both buildings (as well as Gang's other projects, such every bit her pattern for a dormitory at the University of Chicago) feature innovative facades that use syncopated patterns of undulating or irregular shapes in lieu of the standard right-angled grid.

Daniel Burnham

Photograph: Shutterstock

15. Daniel Burnham

Daniel Burnham was a Gilded Age builder, who, along with partner John Wellborn Root, built what was called the start skyscraper in 1886: The 130-foot-high Montauk Building in Chicago. Burnham is best known for a much taller Flatiron Building in NYC. He'due south also remembered for overseeing the design and construction of Chicago'south Earth's Columbian Exposition of 1893, the fantastical fair that became enshrined in legend every bit The White City.

Gordon Bunshaft

Photo: Shutterstock

16. Gordon Bunshaft

It'south arguable whether Gordon Bunshaft was most responsible for introducing modernist architecture to NYC during the postwar era. But he was certainly a major proponent of what came to known equally the International Style, which adopted the innovations of avant-garde design from the early-twentyth century for corporate buildings. Primary among these was the then-called glass curtain-wall, which supplanted traditional masonry exteriors. Working every bit a partner for the firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Bunshaft applied this method to such iconic buildings equally Lever House at Park Avenue and E 53rd Street; completed in 1952, it's considered the first true example of the International Fashion in New York. His other work includes the Beinecke Library at Yale University, the Hirshhorn Museum in Washington, D.C. and the Solow Building, which is distinguished by the way its shape sweeps upwardly from its base on West 57th Street to form a awe-inspiring concave bend.

Shigeru Ban

Photo: Shutterstock

17. Shigeru Ban

Japanese architect Shigeru Ban is known for his inventive use of paper, cardboard and forest, and for cartoon on traditional building methods in Japan such as shoji screens for windows, doors and room dividers. He employed construction grade cardboard tube, for case, to grade the roof of a cathedral in New Zealand. Another project, Shutter House, a loftier-end residential development in NYC, evokes the historic Japanese dwelling house that opens to the outside by forming the construction'southward facade as a series of security gates and drinking glass garage doors that combine to create a movable outside wall for each flat. Other buildings by Ban include the tent-like branch of the Centre Pompidou museum in the city of Metz in French republic'due south Lorraine region.

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Source: https://www.timeout.com/newyork/art/best-architects-of-all-time-ranked

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